“Leadership is almost the single most important factor for any firm. Good or great leadership makes all the difference – ask any partner in a firm which is off pace and it is likely that leadership is the root cause”. This was a comment we found posted on a blog about leaders in professional service firms (PSFs), which captures the critical nature of having the right leadership in place for success within knowledge-based industries, whether it be in accountancy, law, engineering, technologies or marketing.
Professional service firms deal in knowledge and as such, are unique, because their assets are fluid and intangible. Their business success is based on the reputation, loyalty and capability of their employees which can be removed at any moment so there is always a fine balancing act to be done between clients, associates and profits.
Over the years the challenges facing PSFs have changed. In particular, they are dealing with better informed and increasingly cost-conscious clients, a competitive recruitment market (despite the credit crunch there is still a battle between firms to employ high calibre professionals) and more complex organisational structures as a result of increasing globalisation, mergers and acquisitions.
These changes mean there is an increasing need for great leadership qualities amongst professionals. Historically, there has tended to be more of an emphasis on management rather than leadership in PSFs, such as planning and budgeting. This is not surprising given that professionals by nature tend to resist being managed and there is always the pressure on leaders in PSFs to balance their fee earning and non-fee earning activities.
David Maister, a well known guru on PSFs argues that many firms are guilty of systematic underdelegation.
My research shows that, for the typical professional service firm, the firmwide average (for underdelegation) is frequently as high as 40 or 50 percent, and sometimes more… Obviously this is not a wonderful situation.”
(Maister, D. 2003)There are a number of factors that contribute to the reluctance of professionals to lead or be led by others.
The first is that professionals have worked hard to get their expert status through many years of education and training and this can make them disinclined to delegate to others as it is important for their careers to keep up-to-date on the latest developments in their industry sector(s.
Secondly, the complex skills and abstract knowledge possessed by professionals can make it difficult to manage their performance and often the line manager is reliant on third party feedback which makes conversations about performance difficult.
Another factor is the potential discord between professional ethics and organisational culture. Research (e.g. Shafter et al 2002), found that higher levels of conflict between professional standards and company culture led to lower levels of job satisfaction and overall commitment.
Leading professionals is not easy and although partners and senior leaders acknowledge that effective leadership is important to their overall success more needs to be done to support and develop professionals who take on leadership roles.
Here are some of the things the senior team can do to build greater leadership capability within their firms:
1. Set and communicate the directionSenior partners can spend more time providing direction on where the firm is going and why. Professionals tend to have a high need for achievement and like to be included and involved. Senior partners can discuss and clarify any confusion between short-term objectives and longer-term strategic goals, as well as build in incentive packages that reward both.
2. Acknowledge the importance of leadership within the firmExcellent leadership is a business priority but professionals need help to develop their leadership skills and also know that their efforts are regarded as valuable by the senior partners. Senior partners can allocate time to mentoring the next generation of leaders as well as providing stretch assignments that will help them to develop and grow.
Partners can also ensure leadership is seen as a valuable commodity by rewarding good practice and appropriate leadership behaviours.
3. Lead by examplePartners need to act as a positive role model by demonstrating an appropriate leadership style in all aspects of their work and by showing a commitment to coaching and developing more junior associates.
Successful leaders in PSFs have to manage and lead talented professionals who do not necessarily want to be told what to do. They need to be able to inspire those they lead by articulating a compelling vision that others can buy into and they need to do this against a backdrop of increasingly demanding clients, fierce competition from other firms and ever increasing organisational complexity.
As Damien O’Brien (2009) states
“Great companies will stand out from the good by their ability to attract, retain and develop key people”